Assisted Reproductive Technologies(ART)
Assisted Reproductive Technologies(ART)
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is the technology used to achieve pregnancy in procedures such as fertility medication, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization and surrogacy.
- Fertility therapies where eggs and sperm are manipulated
- Involve surgically removing eggs from women and combining them with sperm in the laboratory
Different Techniques of ART
- Intrauterine insemination (IUI).
- In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).
- Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT).
- Zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT).
- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
Intrauterine insemination involves placing increased concentration of motile sperms close to the fallopian tubes bypassing the endocervical canal which
is abnormal. IUI may be either artificial insemination husband (AIH) or artificial insemination donor (AID).
Indications
- Hostile cervical mucus.
- Cervical stenosis.
- Oligospermia or athenospermia.
- Immune factor (male or female).
- Male tactor impotency or anatomical defect (hypospadias) but normal ejaculate can be obtained.
- Unexplained infertility.
Technique
About 0.3 ml of washed and concentrated sperms are injected theough a flexible polyethylene catheter within the uterine cavity around the time of
The processed motile spems for insenmination shoukd atleast be 1 million. Fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa is 24- 48 hours. The
procedure may be repeated 2-3 times over a period of 2-3 days. Generally 4-6 cydes of insemination with or without superovulatíon are advised.
When large volumes of washed and processed sperms are placed within the uterine cavity, around the time of ovulation, it causes perfusion of the
fallopian tubes with spermatozoa. Hence this method is known as fallopian tube sperm perfusion. In conjunction with ovulatíon induction, pregnancy
rate is 25-30 percent per cycle.