B.Sc. Nursing-III Semester (Main) Examination January - 2025 Applied Microbiology and Infection Control Including Safety

                    15-02-2025                                                                                                                                                                      5025

B.Sc. Nursing-III Semester (Main) Examination January - 2025

Applied Microbiology and Infection Control Including Safety

Instructions to the candidates:

1. Do not write anything on question paper except Roll Number, otherwise it shall be deemed as an act of indulging in unfair means and action shall be taken as per rules.

2. Use separate answer book for each section.

                      Duration: 3 Hours     No. of Pages in this Question Paper: 2                          Total Marks: 75

 

Section-A (Applied Microbiology)

 

Q.1 Long/Essay type questions (Attempt any one)                                               (1x10=10 Marks)

a. Describe structure and classification of microbes.

b. Explain concepts and principles of microbiology and its importance in nursing.

Q.2 Short notes (Attempt any three):                                                                      (3x5=15 Marks)

  1. Types of staining
  2. Immunoglobulins
  3. Types of vectors
  4. Immunization schedule                                                                

Q.3 Very short questions (Attempt any three):                                                               (3x2=6 Marks)                                                     

  1. VDRL test
  2. Name four species of malarial parasites 
  3. Laboratory diagnosis of typhoid
  4. Rhinovirus

Q.4 Answer the following MCQs:                                                                                   (6x1=6 Marks)

Q.1 The flagella and pili originated from:

  1. Cell wall
  2. Cytoplasmic membrane
  3. Capsule
  4. Cytoplasm

Note-Flagella and pili originate from the cytoplasmic membrane.

  • Flagella are whip-like structures used for movement, and they are anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane.
  • Pili (fimbriae) are hair-like structures used for attachment and genetic exchange (such as in conjugation), and they also arise from the cytoplasmic membrane.

Q.2 Droplet nuclei are transmitted by:

  1. Water
  2. Air
  3. Food
  4. Milk

Note-Droplet nuclei are transmitted by air.

  • They are tiny respiratory particles (≤5 µm) that can remain suspended in the air for long periods and spread infections like tuberculosis, measles, and COVID-19 through airborne transmission.

Q.3 Koplik's spots on buccal mucosa are seen in which of the following infections:

  1. Mumps virus
  2. Influenza virus
  3. Measles virus
  4. Parainfluenza virus

Note-Koplik's spots on the buccal mucosa are seen in infections caused by the Measles virus.

  • These are small, white, grain-like spots with a red halo, typically appearing inside the mouth before the measles rash develops. They are a characteristic early sign of measles (rubeola).

Q. 4 Which of the following vector is Involved in the transmission of leishmaniasis?

  1. Sandfly
  2. Tic
  3. Mite
  4. Mosquito

Note-The vector involved in the transmission of leishmaniasis is the sandfly (Phlebotomus species in the Old World and Lutzomyia species in the New World).

  • Sandflies transmit Leishmania parasites, which cause different forms of leishmaniasis, including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar).

Q.5 Who is known as the father of microbiology:

  1. Edwin John Butler
  2. Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
  3. Ferdinand Cohn
  4. Robert Koch

Note-Antony Van Leeuwenhoek is known as the Father of Microbiology.

  • He was the first to observe and describe microorganisms (bacteria and protozoa) using a simple microscope in the 17th century. His detailed observations laid the foundation for microbiology.

Q.6  Prokaryotic cell lacks:

  1. DNA
  2. Ribosome
  3. Mitochondria
  4. Plasma Membrane 

Note-A prokaryotic cell lacks mitochondria.

  • Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes (such as bacteria and archaea) do not have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, the nucleus, or the endoplasmic reticulum. However, they do have:
  • DNA (in the nucleoid region)
  • Ribosomes (70S type for protein synthesis)
  • Plasma membrane (regulating transport and metabolic activities)


Section-B (Infection Control Including Safety)

Q.1 Long/Essay type questions (Attempt any one)                                            (1x10=10 Marks)

a. Define personal protective equipment (PPE). Write the importance and types of PPE. Explain the role of nurse in infection control and prevention.

b. Write the types of specimens. Explain the principles and collection techniques of specimen collection.

Q.2 Short notes (Attempt any three)                                                                     (3x5=15 Marks)

  1. Bio medical waste management
  2. Hand hygiene
  3. International patient safety goal
  4. Types of isolation

Q.3 Very short questions (Attempt any three)                                                       (3x2=6 Marks)

  1. Infection control team
  2. Types of disinfection
  3. Prevention of DVT
  4. Name the five steps of 5s

Q.4 Answer the following MCQs:                                                                                (7x1=7 Marks)

1. Which of the following is not a method of dry heat sterilization:

  1. Flaming
  2. Hot air oven
  3. Incineration
  4. Pasteurization

Note-Pasteurization is not a method of dry heat sterilization.

  • Flaming involves exposing objects (like inoculating loops) to an open flame to sterilize them.
  • Hot air oven uses dry, hot air to sterilize items over a long period of time, typically at temperatures of 160°C to 180°C.
  • Incineration burns items at high temperatures to sterilize them, often used for disposable items.
  • On the other hand, pasteurization is a method of heat treatment, but it uses moist heat, typically at lower temperatures (around 60°C to 85°C) for shorter durations, aimed at killing pathogens without.

Q.2 What does HAZMAT stand for:

  1. Hazardous materials
  2. Hair care materials
  3. Healthy materials
  4. Safety materials

Note-HAZMAT stands for Hazardous materials.

  • It refers to substances that can pose a risk to health, safety, or the environment if not handled properly. These materials can be chemical, biological, or radioactive in nature.

Q.3  Which of the following chemical agent is used for fumigation:

  1. Alcohol
  2. lodine
  3. Formaldehyde
  4. Carbolic acid

Note-The correct chemical agent used for fumigation is Formaldehyde.

  • Formaldehyde gas is commonly used in fumigation for sterilizing and disinfecting spaces, especially in medical and laboratory settings, due to its ability to kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
  • The other chemicals listed (alcohol, iodine, and carbolic acid) are used for different purposes like disinfection and antiseptics but not typically for fumigation.

Q.4 Transfer of infection from another patient or a member of hospital staff is known as:

  1. Environmental infection
  2. Parenteral infection
  3. latrogenic infection
  4. Cross infection

Note-The correct term is Cross infection.

  • Cross infection refers to the transfer of infection from one patient to another, or from a healthcare worker (staff) to a patient, typically within a hospital or healthcare setting. This can happen through direct contact, contaminated instruments, or environmental factors.
  • Environmental infection: Infections that occur due to exposure to contaminated surfaces or environmental factors.
  • Parenteral infection: Infections introduced directly into the body through methods like injections, bypassing the digestive system.
  • Iatrogenic infection: Infections that are caused as a result of medical treatment or procedures.

Q.5  The hot air oven is operated at:

  1. 121° C for 15 min
  2. 160° C for 60 min
  3. 100° C for 30 min
  4. 80° C for 30 min

Note-The correct answer is 160°C for 60 min.

  • A hot air oven is typically operated at this temperature and duration for effective dry heat sterilization. The high temperature ensures that microorganisms are killed through prolonged exposure to dry heat.
  • The other options listed do not correspond to the standard conditions for sterilization with a hot air oven.

Q.6 Which type of disinfectant is most effective against spores?

  1. Alcohol based hand rub
  2. Bleach solution
  3. lodine based antiseptic
  4. Quaternary ammonium compound

Note-The most effective disinfectant against spores is Bleach solution.

  • Specifically, sodium hypochlorite (the active ingredient in bleach) is known to be highly effective at killing bacterial spores, including those from harmful pathogens like Clostridium difficile.
  • The other disinfectants listed have varying degrees of effectiveness but are generally not as effective against spores:
  • Alcohol-based hand rub is great for many types of bacteria and viruses but not for spores.
  • Iodine-based antiseptics are effective for surface disinfection but less so against spores.
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats) are commonly used for cleaning and disinfection but are not as reliable for killing spores.

Q.7  A patient with a compromised immune system requires which type of precaution to prevent infection:

  1. Protective isolation
  2. Reverse isolation
  3. Standard precaution
  4. Droplet precaution

Note-The correct answer is Protective isolation (also known as Reverse isolation).

  • This type of isolation is used for patients with compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or with conditions like HIV/AIDS, to protect them from infections. The goal is to prevent the patient from being exposed to pathogens from healthcare workers, visitors, or the environment.
  • While reverse isolation and protective isolation are terms used interchangeably, they both focus on protecting the patient, rather than protecting others from the patient.

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