Hypothermia

Definition-

• "If the temperature falls below 95°F or 35°F called hypothermia."
• Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) in humans.

Types -

• Mild Hypothermia - 34-35°C
• Moderate Hypothermia-30-33.8°C
• Severe Hypothermia -> 30°C

Causes 

Certain factors or conditions can make an individual more susceptible to hypothermia-

• Extremes of age
• low blood sugar
• Malnutrition
• Neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia
• Dilated blood vessels due to conditions such as spinal cord injuries
• Sepsis, which is an extreme response to infection
• Skin disorders, such as burns and psoriasis
• Stroke
• Endocrine disorders, such as hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency, which are conditions affecting parts of the body that produce hormones
• Substance use disorder
• Alcohol and drug use-Alcohol may make your body feel warm inside, but it causes your blood vessels to expand, resulting in more rapid heat loss from the surface of your skin.

Signs and Symptoms -

• Uncontrolled shivering
• Cold and pale skin
• Cyanotic skin
• Depression and poor judgement
• Decreased heart rate and respiration
• Loss of consciousness
• Lack of coordination
• Lethargy
• Low blood pressure

Nursing Management -

• Provide extra covering and monitor temperature.
• Cover head properly.
• Use heat retaining blankets.
• Keep patient's linen dry.
• Control environmental temperature.
• Provide extra heat.
• Regulate heat source according to physical response.
• Assess oxygenation.
• Evaluate patient nutrition.
• Assess any open wounds.
• Assess peripheral perfusion and urine output.
• Check laboratory -including electrolytes.
• Place the patient in an upright position to avoid aspiration.
• Assist with toileting.

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